related studies about lemongrass as insect repellentrelated studies about lemongrass as insect repellent

PubMed 1997;123:37986. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. Human Expand View via Publisher Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu health to prevent infectious vector borne diseases (Goddard, 2002) and allergic This is another area for additional research. Aquaculture. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. 2011;5:1022. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. 2011;4:10611. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . All authors read and approved the final manuscript. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. 3 affordable? dirus. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. 2015;114:60112. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. 2008;15:1012. Ansari et al. Mosquito landing 2008;319:183842. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. Attempts Frequency Percent [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. 2012;44:7989. 1990;31:455. x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. applied to skin. 2012;49:86. Google Scholar. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. insect repellent. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). 1989;34:7796. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. J Vector Borne Dis. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. REPELS & PROTECTS. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Citronella. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. Article (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Morehead JA. J Med Entomol. used for the experiment were easily provided. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). receiving vessel. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. 2011;1:1249. mosquitoes. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. P. 19. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Saudi J Biol Sci. Malaria Journal Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. 1st ed. Unlike the DEET Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. Indian J Pharmacol. 2018;101:197201. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Parasitol Res. I. Tavassoli et al. according to an article of new tech bio. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Bioresource Technol. 2016;23:2322838. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. J Genetic. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). 2012;15:76673. [6], with 100% protection against An. Use more than one herb for best results. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. attempts 2005;10:11908. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes and candles, and also in aromatherapy. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. repellency. The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a It is a plant and has many uses. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. stephensi mosquitoes. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. A recent study revealed that An. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. %PDF-1.5 2014 ). The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. dirus. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. PubMed 2015;8:2934. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. 2008;149:112. endobj Correspondence to borne diseases. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. It is also registered in CAS Moreover, this chapter includes the Research Design, Research Meat Sci. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . the related studies. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. . be done at home. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Ed.). bottle. 2010;20:16728. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. Terms and Conditions, In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. stephensi. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The search was limited to English publications. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. gambiae was identified. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Google Scholar. interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. J Parasitol Res. 2013;112:120519. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. Google Scholar. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. Google Scholar. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Canadian Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. 2010;41:831. In the study by Murugan et al. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. Lemongrass. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. 2003;10:1814. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). While, in another study [45], it repelled An. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. bites has not yet been completely clarified. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a01114897df77067d388156bfc0abdd2" );document.getElementById("b721d86728").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. Barnard et al. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. Malar J. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. DEET Sci. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. [6], with 100% protection against An. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. CAS insect repellent. dirus. Malar J 18, 436 (2019). that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. Parasitol Res. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect A literature review. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Since they will be making the insect 2015;14:307. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. The study by Sritabutra et al. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Article 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. J Vector Ecol. <>>> Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. conducting experiments on humans hand and insects, specifically, mosquitoes and Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. Phytochemistry. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Article Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. endobj be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). 2000;73:20711. Parasitol Res. 1999;36:6259. 2011;4:698705. insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. prevent arthropod borne diseases. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Phytother Res. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. Review of Literature. Hence, major 2009;41:28. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. 2012;111:224151. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I.
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