c. myelin around axons. B) provide the defense for the CNS D) control the chemical environment around neurons A) They conduct impulses. The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. c. basal ganglia. C) are crucial in the production of neurotransmitters They are robust signaling cells. Which statement is true? You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 9. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. c. Ganglia The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. Resting potentials are not just characteristics of nerve cells; all cells in the body have resting potentials. a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the above. As specifically as you can, outline the steps you would take to insert and express the gene for a new, nutritious seed protein in wheat. Motor has two divisions: the somatic and autonomic. a. Dendrites and axon C) opens K+ or Cl- channels b. a Mendelian disease. a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? A researcher found that a drug increased heart rate. The plasma membrane of the neuron is semipermeable, being highly permeable to K + and slightly permeable to Cl and Na +.In the extracellular fluid, electroneutrality is preserved by a balance between a high concentration of Na + on the one hand and a high concentration of Cl , as . d. the person has a history of drug abuse. d. Vagus nerve. 80. a. Sensory neurons. C) negatively charged and contains more sodium b. Gliosis What are the different types of neurons in the ANS and where are they located? B) hyperpolarization Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) coined by inflammation and neurodegeneration. sure to include the influence of German philosopher Karl Marx in Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. c. a ventricle. The frequency of impulse transmission indicates the stimulus intensity and the brain responds appropriately. What process does this interfere with and what would be the consequence? Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. Which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs? copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. A) short distance hyperpolarization All preganglionic neurons in the ANS are cholinergic. B. D) control the chemical environment around neurons Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? The interior is ________. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. a. d . C) ganglia d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. c. midbrain. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. a. Oligodendrocytes What do ANS neurons regulate with regard to mechanical digestion? Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent? These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. B) muscle contraction would occur b. Epigenetics D) generator potential. The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. Which of the following statements is incorrect? Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons? Fill in the blank. Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes. What are the cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system? C) opening of voltage-regulated channels c. The output (. Choose the correct order of these events below. A. ependymal cells B. Schwann cells C . 60. What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system? In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. b. Constricted airways C) innervation of glands Classify neurons according to their structure. B. Myelin prevents the conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? d. M1 microglial cells. These neurons are inhibitory neurons, meaning they release neurotransmitters that keep other neurons from firing. b. c) Myelin traps sodium ions on the axon an. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract Neuroglia perform supportive functions in the brain. b. that a person is genetically female. D) Schwann cells, Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? Which nervous system was the drug most Expert Answer. c. pons. d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? b. thalamus. 3 special characteristics of neurons. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. a. it provides a protective cushion for the brain. The person would have impaired decision making while the drug's effects were active. a. the classification is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body b. multipolar neurons have several axons and one dendrite c. most neurons in the; Which of the following neurons forms the blood-brain barrier? 67. C) frequency of action potentials B) They have extreme longevity. threshold Voltage-gated Na+ A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely: 7. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. likely acting upon? B) type of stimulus receptor If an experimental drug produced physiological effects similar to nitric oxide, then a c. preganglionic terminals. It is composed of densely packed cells. a. Oligodendrocytes What is the function of dendrites in a neuron? Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? Traub et al. E) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability. The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. 15. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. a. visual information. What mechanism is responsible for axonal transport? C) anchor neurons to blood vessels (a) They conduct impulses. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. 44. They are like neurons except that they lack axons. Visual disturbances, paralysis, and weakness, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. 73. This protective role is important because cells of the immune system are denied access to the CNS. d. Sensory efferent neurons po. a. tegmentum. Which of the following would be most likely to increase heart rate? negatively charged and contains less sodium. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. 71. innervation of glands. Classify Neurons by 3 Structures. b. the structure is closer to the midline of the brain. It stores energy reserves. A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. a. midbrain. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a (n) ________. There are three types of neurons. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. b. the medulla. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. Contains cells with macrophage activity c. Exhibits regenerative capacities d. Contains lymphatic vessel. Which of the following statements is true? If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? c. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon and, What does myelin do for neurons? B. Myelin prevents the conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. The midbrain contains the: c. olfactory information. O They have extreme longevity. Tight junctions along blood vessels in the brain are formed by: d. hypothalamus. (a) Cell body (b) Dendrites (c) Axon (d) All of the above are structural features of a neuron. 62. a. extrapyramidal motor system. 1. a. Astrocytes c. Extrapyramidal System a. If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the . The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. D) ATP and other purines b. hypothalamus. True or False, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. a. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s). B) microglia Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. c. that a person is genetically male. B) endorphin c. Hypoglossal nerve B. d. Cingulate cortex. We studied the biochemical characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD . 7. C) negatively charged and contains more sodium. . b. cerebrospinal fluid. Transcription factors increase or decrease gene transcription. B. D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. a. a. M4 The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. b. polymorphism. a. impair memory. D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? c. Epigenetics B) cholinesterase d. it fills spaces in the brain. A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only. b. Microglial cells 1. A neuron is formed when a receptor ends on another cell becomes active. _____________ is the study of how genes support the function of neurons. 63. ANSWER : The neurons are included in the somatic body cells but are. a. meninges. 2 introduce new . The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity. 64. a. pituitary gland. D) tracts, The term central nervous system refers to the ________. b. Axon and soma d. Autonomic Nervous System, 21. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. o Neurons have a very long lifespan Have low mitotic activity fie cannot undergo cell division) O Ability to transmit electrical signals (i.e. After peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. b. Which neurons belong to the efferent pathway? b. c. working memory. c. Hippocampus a. medulla. a. medulla. Which of the following is correct? Differentiate the actions and chemical messengers in the endocrine system from those in the nervous system. ___________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the sympathetic and parasympathetic A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. Cells may have long extensions. What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? Describe which neurons are considered cholinergic in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ________. a. Axons b. Neurons c. Neuroglia d. Synapses e. Type A fibers, Which of the following parts of a neuron contain excitable membranes? a. Trigeminal nerve It impacts your spinal cord and the nerves that transmit and receive messages between your brain and the rest of your body. a) norepinephrine b) cholinesterase c) gamma aminobutyric acid d) acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used as a means of communication. a. anchor neurons to blood vessels. Cold sores on the skin of the mouth occur when herpes simplex viruses that are dormant in neural ganglia become active and travel to the skin of the mouth. a. periaqueductal gray. Central Nervous System c. sleepiness. C. cell body. a. alertness. c. pineal gland. a. parietal lobe. d. cerebellum. b. autosomal chromosomes. The characteristic neurologic picture including loss of consciousness, temporary respiratory arrest, and loss of reflexes. A scientist who wanted to determine how inflammation in the brain was occurring in a The comparison demonstrates that the suggested controller closely tracks the reference voltage than the . Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? A . Do not divide - (neural stem cells are an exception) 3. The CNS contains about 100 billion neurons, on the periphery - about 25 million.<br><br>The neuron is covered by a membrane that forms a closed space . _____________ is a process for responding to brain injury. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. a. temporal lobe. The preclinical phase of AD, which can last 10 to 20 years, is characterized by the gradual accumulation of -amyloid and tau aggregates in the brain, together with neuroinflammation and synaptic alterations ().Several lines of evidence indicate that -amyloid deposition precedes . d. Hypothalamus, 37. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Allow ions to move in and out of its cellular membrane. A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? a. They secrete acetylcholine. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. d. frontal lobe. Why? d. Extrapyramidal System. a. reduced cerebrospinal fluid. d. Neurotransmission from the neuron would increase. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ. Which of the followings cells accounts for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system? b. Somatics D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. Specific instructions that encode for traits are called: c. Dendrites and soma Neuroglia (a) conduct electrical impulses, (b) are nerve stem cells, (c) are support cells that aid neurons, (d) are an abnormal growth of neural tissue. c. Neuromuscular junction The p.N370S substitution causes a violation of the enzyme conformation, which affects its stability in the cell. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue (s). A neuron is a cell that communicates with the brain. a. messenger ribonucleic acid. Motor. The patient has a polymorphism that slow metabolism of a drug. The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021). b. it provides a medium for nutrients to cells. a. basal ganglia Neuronal processes that normally conduct impulses toward neuron cell bodies are called and those that carry impulses away from neuron cell bodies are called. If the electrode is removed, a potential of zero is recorded again. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings C. Afferent. Central Nervous System Specifically, combination therapy (simultaneous use of customized sub-perception field and paresthesia-based SCS) versus monotherapy (paresthesia-based SCS) was evaluated. D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? a. corpus callosum. 25. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory d. cingulate cortex. b. Medulla b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. c. genes. a. Somatic Nervous System 69. a. improve working memory. The patient is noncompliant and needs additional monitoring. 1. What are the possible responses? help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. b. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. A neuron consists of a nucleus, a region of tissue that contains the cell body. Oligodendrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. Its cell body is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. In the discussion section the authors wrote "In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.". A) nuclei Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? Correct option is C) Sensory neurons receive sensory inputs from the internal and external environment and transmit it to CNS (brain and spinal cord) for processing. b. Neurotrophins a. forebrain. ________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other. A. A) resting period D) potassium, Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. 19. A) Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels. C) brain and spinal cord A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). A) acetylcholine (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell, (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft. A) axon c. Myelination d. a transcription factor. a. polymorphisms. c. epigenetic stimulus. Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons? a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. b. thalamus. B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron. When a gene is activated, a specific DNA segment is unraveled and transcribed onto: Functions. 78. B) large nerve fibers Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. A. thow ion selectivity C. are gated A. To which part of the spinal cord is sensory information sent? Which does NOT describe nervous tissue? Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. The concentration of __ is higher outside than inside the cell. A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. c. the thalamus. b. A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. a) anchor neurons to blood vessels b) control the chemical environment around neurons c) Provide the defense for the CNS d) support and brace neurons e) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse.
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