They can be flexible sealants in the form of liquid, spray, rods, or tapes. A bond breaker can be used on deteriorated pavements exhibiting rutting,d cracking from fatigue and freeze/thaw or map cracking due to the expansive pressure of alkali silica reaction. SPONGE RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT is frequently used on bridge structures and sewage treatment plants that undergo rapid changes in temperature. #164 provides a positive, 1100 water-based concrete curing compound is formulated from hydrocarbon resins and may be used on interior, exterior, vertical, and horizontal, 1150-CLEAR water-based concrete curing compound is formulated from hydrocarbon resins and may be used on interior, exterior, vertical, and horizontal, 1190 is a hot-applied, single-component polymeric compound developed for the economical maintenance sealing of cracks and joints in Portland cement, North America: 800.342.5976 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Further, they are applied in the joints in liquid form. PVC Tongue and Groove Joint Form Bond breakers can be classified as membrane-forming and non-membrane forming. Two common products used are ourUS 380NWandUS 390NWE. Thinner joints (1/4, 3/8, or 1/2) (6.35 mm, 9.53 mm, or 12.7 mm) spaced at frequent intervals offer greater control than thicker joints spaced at greater intervals. TILT-CRETE cures the concrete floor or casting slab and top sides of panels once poured. High resiliency with excellent recovery after compression. The use of X-FOAM expansion joint combined with proper sealing and joint design per American Concrete Institute guidelines can help reduce unwanted cracking and early joint edge deterioration. Other elements can be used to give an architectural effect. The provision to accommodate movement at predetermined locations with proper joint applications prevents the development of stresses that could rupture the concrete. Mirafi MPBBC1450 bond breaker is inert to biological degradation and resistant to naturally encountered chemicals, alkalis, and . When placing geotextile in this condition, geotextile needs to properly bond to adhesive before construction or vehicle trafficking begins. A BCO with a minimum thickness of 4 in. Can be used in interior or exterior applications. Links to Various Materials Approved Lists. Whenever a casting of the slab is done, it requires an adequate quantity of water, so that the chemical reaction between cement and water can progress uninterruptedly. The concrete bond breaker forms a kind of coating by chemical processing with the surface of the concrete. Silcoseal Advantage is a water-based bond breaker. A non-reactive bond breaker interacts with the concrete surface to create a waterproof surface. Gray in color, CERAMAR is a lightweight, highly flexible, and resilient material offering recovery qualities of over 99%. All Rights Reserved. Aquaband Bond Breaker is an innovative detailing system for waterproofing and sealing all types of joints, junctions, and areas subject to movement. It locks into concrete and adjusts for any slab movement. Also available EQc2: Low-Emitting Materials [For Healthcare and Schools (exterior-applied products) ONLY]. Concrete Cure And Bond Breaker Curador y antiadherente para concreto CURE TILT B BOND BREAKER CMC Cure & Tilt WB concrete cure and bond-breaker is a new, innovative, unique formula of proprietary, reactive organic materials in an aqueous disper - sion. Our bond breakers are formulated to leave no residue, stain, or discoloration, and contain no diesel, kerosene, waxes, or silicones. But the use of chemical curing compounds prevents the proper operation of bond breakers. It is highly resilient, will compress without extrusion, and recovers to 95% of its original thickness after 50% compression. Bonded concrete overlay (BCO) consists of a 2-in. Features of Bond Breakers Used in Construction, Types of Bond Breakers Used in Construction, Advantages of Bond Breakers in Construction, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the Construction Industry. Lightweight, flexible foam forms or wraps around curved or circular surfaces. Current specifications and quality control measures require the removal and clean up of these contaminants before the placement of concrete due to a concern of a reduction in bonding capacity. | Type of Concrete Block | Difference Between Cinder Block Vs Concrete Block, What Is Zero Force Member? These are known as reactive types and non-reactive types. 55 Gallon (208.20 L) Drums. This type of bond breaker is used more for manufacturing concrete products. Equipment Application equipment must be clean and free of all previously used materials. TILT-CRETE may be applied with a commercial hand sprayer, such as a Chapin 1949. Embedded waterstops for cast-in-place concrete. I am a distributor for Lumber & Concrete Accessories and would like info on this product if you carry it please. See specification data and size information chart on page 2 for details. It is used in precast units to remove precast from the formwork. Bond breaker tape: primarily a self-adhesive polyethylene or teflon material. Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer peoples questions, write articles & connect with other people. Concrete Interlayer Bond Breaker Fabrics Home / Concrete Interlayer Bond Breaker Fabrics Historically, German engineers have been very successfully using non-woven geotextiles as interlayer bond breakers between lean concrete bases and concrete pavement surfaces for past 25 years. The contractor and/or applicator is also responsible to ensure that application conditions are acceptable as noted on this data sheet and to ensure that the correct coverage rate is used. Any dull spots must be recoated. North America: 800.342.5976 First Bond Breaker Coat Application Apply TILT-CRETE to the point of rejection on the casting slab just prior to the placement of reinforcing steel. Furnished in three depths: 1, 1 and 2 (25.4 mm, 38.1mm and 50.8mm). bond breaker coats is 240 sq.ft./gal. German engineers have been successfully using non-woven geotextiles as bond breakers for decades. The strength of the product bonding system can be known by modulus rapture. Atlas Easy-Lift FD is a high-performance, chemically reactive, water-based, fast drying cure and bondbreaker for tilt-up and precast construction. The function of a geotextile bond breaker is to reduce the stresses that can occur if two cementitious pavement layers bond. Not very much in use. Product may be cut on jobsite to exact size required. A sealer is soft and able to accommodate the concrete slab's expansion and contraction. Mainly, bond breaking tapes can be made of different . Bond breaker tape is easily available in widths like 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 50mm etc. So that cracks in concrete can be minimized. If you need immediate assistance, please call (800) 342-5976. The Stihl Cutquik offers 43% less vibration, 20% longer runtime on a tank of fuel and a more advanced engine technology which makes it 44% cleaner than its predecessor, the TS400. Preformed Contraction Joint Always apply to a test area first to determine actual coverage rate before full-scale application. A bond breaker is a substance applied to concrete surfaces to guarantee that there is permanent bonding between the surfaces. Heat reduction provides uniform curing and reduced stress cracking by up to 10% PropGrip adhesive saves up to 30% labor and materials savings compared to traditional nail-down method Bond Breaker Stress Relief Drainage Cushion Protection Applications Unbonded concrete overlay New concrete pavements over a treated base or subgrade The two main categories of bond breakers can be membrane formation and non-membrane formation. HIGHLY FUNCTIONAL JOINTING AND SEALING SYSTEM: CERAMAR horizontal sealant from W. R. MEADOWS may be used to provide an excellent horizontal sealing system for plaza decks, sidewalks, driveways, and commercial and industrial floors. It also provides enough strength to lift and move pieces of precast. DO NOT FREEZE. Cures concrete casting slab and top of tilt-up or lift-slab panel. The tape shall be the same width as the joint. When Why We Need to Use Bonding Agents The time of the application depends on the specification of the produce. A bond breaker is a separator applied between surfaces of concrete. TILT-CRETE is not recommended to be used with any other manufacturers bond-breakers. They can also be water-based or non-water-based products. Recommended Backing Materials Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge? Product Data Sheet (PDS) PDF - 217 KB (en) Sikaflex Concrete Fix. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"Bond Breaker Tape","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Most tapes used as 'bond breakers' are made of polymer films such as PTFE and polyethylene. Evaporates and leaves no residue, making it ideal for interior applications. Sufficient application of the bond-breaker is the responsibility of the contractor and not W. R. MEADOWS, INC. Water-based indicates that water is the main contributor to the bond broker. It prevents cracks in the concrete slab due to variations in temperature and humidity. This guide will help you choose the best concrete . Definition: (1) adhesion of concrete or mortar to reinforcement or other surfaces against which it is placed, including friction and mechanical interlock; (2) adhesion of cement paste to aggregate; (3) adhesion, cohesion, or both between materials; (4) patterns formed by the exposed faces of masonry units, for example, running bond or Flemish These compounds permit newly cleanly and easily from a concrete casting bed or one another without detriment to the concrete strength or appearance. Product Data Sheet (PDS) PDF - 254 KB (en) Sikaflex 2c Slope Grade. All the Basics on Concrete Anchors: Functions, Installation, and Types. Concrete mix designs that contain in excess of 20% pozzolans such as fly ash may require additional coats of the bond breaker. Non-membrane forming bond breakers are sub-divided into two categories, Also, Read:What Is Foundation | What Is Purpose of Providing Foundation | Types of Foundation. A grease-like feel to touch indicates over-application and can result in panel surface discoloration, dusting, surface irregularities, etc. Their usage does not demand any repainting or modification to other architectural components. Non-impregnated no staining or bleeding. Worldwide: 847.214.2100. Polyethylene tape is commonly. SPEED-E-JOINT consists of two solid pieces that have been pre-assembled for easy handling and installation. A concrete bond breaker is a water-based bond breaker. Polyurethane sealants are known as fillet joints. Bondbreakers and Release Agents Silcoseal Select Back to product index Fast-Drying, Water-Based Tilt-Up Concrete Cure and Bondbreaker This tilt-up concrete cure and bondbreaker meets moisture retention properties of ASTM C309 and all federal, state and Canadian VOC requirements. This is done to prevent its surface from sticking or bonding together. Easy application by brush or sprayer Non - Hazardous, Non Toxic Non - Staining Product Data Sheet Safety Data Sheet Show all documents Overview Product Details Application Documents Usage Sika BondBreaker W is used for "match-cast", "tilt-up" and "tilt-slab" constructions. These strips are usually 34-inch deep, using one-inch-by boards that are tapered for easy removal. Rods are used in this type of bond breaker. Description: Brickform #LR-1 Liquid Release Bond Breaker forms a colorless barrier that virtually eliminates concrete build-up on mat-type, texturing tools and thereby keeping them flexible and minimizing wear. asphalt astm d 994 federal specification hh-f-341 f aashto m 33 Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Often a time, the importance of bond breaker as an inseparable part of the waterproofing system is being overlooked. | Difference Between Compression and Tension, What Is Isometric Projection? SPEED-E-JOINT is strong, economical and eliminates waste in providing straight lines. The bond breaker shall be applied at the manufacturing facility. Rods are fixed between two adjacent surfaces of concrete. To prevent the sealant adhering to the base surface or filler board, apply Bond Breaker Tape along the whole width / length of base of the joint. SPONGE RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT is produced to a uniform thickness and density from gray-colored, top-quality, blown sponge rubber. When stored indoors in original, unopened containers at temperatures between 40 90 F, optimum performance and best use is obtained within one year of date of manufacture. They are also used widely. Water-Based Concrete Bond Breaker. Modulus rapture is the material's own physical property. Non-membrane forming bond breakers are divided into two types. E-mail: [emailprotected]. FIBRE EXPANSION JOINT is versatile, resilient, flexible, and non-extruding. Woven Stabilization and Separation Geotextiles, - Dimensions & Weights for EcoTubes Geotextile Dewatering Tubes, - Dimensions & Weights for EnviroGrid Cellular Confinement, - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Drainboard, - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Stratagrid, - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Envirogrid, - Product Advantages of EcoTubes Geotextile Dewatering Tube, - Product Benefits of EcoTubes Sludge Dewatering Tubes, - Product Benefits of US Fabrics' Foundation Drains, - Product Benefits of US Fabrics' Sheet Drains, Design/Installation Guidelines; Applications, - Comparing Old Style & New Style - Strata Geogrid, - French Drain Exterior Foundation Install, - Geogrid & Welded Wire Form Inside Corner Placement, - Installation Guideline for Separation Heavy Geotextile, - Installation Guideline for Separation Medium Geotextile, - Sheet Drain Exterior Foundation Install, - Theoretical Tube Volumes & Dewatering Capabilities, - Typical Cross Section - Vegetated Reinforced Soil Slope, - Equivalent Products for Composite Drains, - Volumes & Dewatering Capabilities for EcoTubes Geotextile Dewatering Tubes, - Geogrid Quality for Finished Product and Raw Materials, - Use Woven Geotextiles Instead of Geogrids, - Municipal Waste Water & Water Treatment w/ EcoTubes, - SRW (Segmental Retaining Wall) Drainage. SCP is a penetrating concrete treatment that does not change the surface of the concrete. 3m bond breaker tape is used in construction. Bond breakers are normally used on tilt-up walls and precast segments to ensure the right pieces are cast together. SNAP-CAP is available in four widths as shown in the table on page 2. NOTE: Panels sticking to the casting slab is the result of insufficient or improper application of the bond-breaker, i.e. Sealants, caulking or other chinking materials will stick more easily to closed cell backer rods which have a better bonding surface area than an open cell product. In fact, some types of joint fillers can serve as a backing material and bond breaker, in which the applicator can apply the sealant directly on the filler. CERAMAR is compatible with all currently popular cold-applied sealants, caulks, and hot-pour joint sealing compounds. They are also applied on concrete surfaces to reduce the cracking of slabs caused due to temperature and moisture fluctuations. A bond breaker is a separator substance applied in between adjoining solid surfaces to ensure that there is no adhesive molecular bond between the surfaces. It can be wrapped or formed around curved or circular surfaces. Abond breakeris a substance applied to concrete surfaces to guarantee that there is permanentbonding between the surfaces. Ensure base material is free of any foreign and loose materials and the base is cured prior to applying base bond breaker. Reactive bond breakers react with the concrete surface and form a crude soap layer, whereas non-reactive bond breakers interact with the concrete surface to create a waterproof surface. Non-membrane bond breakers can be either reactive or non-reactive. Second Bond Breaker Coat Application Wait for the first coat of TILT-CRETE to dry. KEYWAY When you join you get additional benefits. Contact Us Mold configurations generally dic-tated the need for a stripping lubri-cant as well as a bond bre a k e r. Su c h Bond breakers and their effective use Guidelines to prevent stuck panels and aggravation Lift-slab . 1.02 REFERENCE STANDARDS Except herein modified, concrete work shall conform to the latest requirements/edition of ACI 301, Specifications for Structural . I have covered this topic, under what is bond breaker tape portion in the following. Backer rod and bond breaker tape are an integral component of a sealant joints and provide three main functions that allow the sealant joint to perform. $Aq(b 0```%l YC?&(30B@lpLs36PJ/"C2 ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Bond breakers are used to extend the life of formwork. Share it with your friends! When a Silcoseal advantage is applied to the surface of concrete, the concrete reacts with the hydration process and consequently prevents the surfaces from sticking. Terms of Use, USA Canada Franais Espaol International. FIBRE EXPANSION JOINT is ideal for use on highways, streets, airport runways, sidewalks, driveways, flatwork, and scores of commercial and industrial applications. free from burrs or other deformations detrimental to free movement of the bars in the concrete. KEYWAY resists impact and will not whip or warp. P10-2605. Bond breakers can be classified into two major groups: membrane-forming and non-membrane forming. The tape does not allow the sealant to adhere to the tape backing allowing the seal ant joint to only adhere to the two cement sides. A slightly slippery soapy feel must be present and water beads up on the surface. TILT-CRETE Any areas accepting penetration of the water must be recoated until a positive seal is achieved. A proper application is indicated by the presence of a dry-soap feel uniformly apparent to touch over the treated surface. FIBRE EXPANSION JOINT is composed of cellular fibers securely bonded together and uniformly saturated with asphalt to assure longevity. DECK-O-JOINT is a decorative expansion joint for use wherever concrete is placed. Bond breakers prevent three-sided adhesion of the sealant (i.e. Various bond breakers like Nox-Crete, Crete Lease, J6 Surelift, Reid, and Dayton Superior can be used in concrete bond breakers. The lean concrete gains strength with time. By continuing to use this site, you are providing us with your consent to our use of cookies. | Methods of Isometric Drawing , What are Asphalt Shingles? It will stick with the concrete surface and produce a waterproof surface. Questionable areas can also be tested by dropping water on the surface. A film-forming, membrane-type bond breaker may well significantly interfere with bond, while a waterborne material may form a reactive salt or soap layer which could lead to increased corrosion. | Identification of Zero Force Members in Truss | Advantage of Zero Force Member, What Is Truss? This type of bond breaker is opposite to that of the previous one. Standard length is 10 (3.05 m). "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Why Are Bond Breakers Used in Formwork? We help brands optimize their online presence & performance. A non-reactive bond breaker bonds with a concrete surface to create a waterproof surface. It is a rigid preformed contraction joint that produces a straight-line crack on the surface of concrete slabs and locks into the aggregate just below the surface. A bond breaker is a substance applied to concrete surfaces to guarantee that there is permanent bonding between the surfaces. 2023 W. R. Meadows, Inc.All rights reserved. Geotextile bond breakers reduce material cost and install faster than traditional hot mix interlayers Easier installation with minimum training and equipment. As the temperature rises or the moisture content of the concrete increases, expansion takes place. Prior to any full-scale application of a subsequent paint, coating, sealer, adhesives sealant, grout, etc., W. R. MEADOWS recommends appropriate field testing be performed to verify that all desired/required appearance, performance, adhesion, etc. Please enter a 5-digit US zip code. The same Bond Breaker material that was originally used to coat the dowels shall be used to recoat . Window and door applications. Bond breakers are anti-stick materials used on adjacent metallic or non-metallic substrates, such as concrete and steel. Using a bond breaker on scheduled surfaces of concrete treats those surfaces as separate units. Resists wash off from normal rain and dew once dried. Which can be cost-effective and time-saving for large structures. Article 100 of the NEC defines ground as "the earth.". | Specification of Cinder Block | What Is a Concrete Block? Bond breakersare normally used on tilt-up walls and precast segments to ensure the right pieces are cast together. 5, 6, 12 TILT-CRETE concrete cure and bond-breaker is a new, innovative, unique formula of proprietary, reactive organic materials in an aqueous dispersion. ASPHALT EXPANSION JOINT is composed of a blend of asphalts, vegetable fibers, and mineral fillers formed under heat and pressure between two asphalt-saturated liners. | Principle of Isometric Projections | Isometric Scale | What Is Isometric Drawing? Also, Read:What Is Pedestal | Functions of Pedestal | Methods of Construction: Pedestals | Advantages and Disadvantages of Pedestal, The bond breakers can be broadly classified into two categories, such as. The Man Behind 9to5Civil.com. Apply backup rod and bond breaker tape in expansion joints. Use the resulting anticipated movement to determine the correct thickness of the control joint and proper spacing for placement of the joint. During concrete construction, form oil, bond breaker, concrete splatter and other types of contaminants often contaminate reinforcement. APPLICATION Still, these chemicals also dramatically affect the characteristics of the concrete members, so this compound is not known in all countries. Meets the moisture retention requirements of ASTM C309 when applied to steel-troweled surface finish. It mostly uses wax, petroleum-based substances, or grease. If a bond breaker is not applied before the installation of a waterproofing membrane system, there are high chances that the membrane will wear and tear, forming holes, which would allow moisture into the substrate below, rendering the whole purpose of waterproofing system pointless. This bond breaker increases the strength of the concrete surface and reduces cracking. This type of bond breaker does not form a membrane which can hold up the water. ft./gal, Coverage will vary due to various amounts of different fillers, extenders, or additives in the concrete mix that can result in the concrete mass and finished surface having a higher than normal porosity and some very porous hotspots. Guide to Tilt-Up Bond Breakers A bond breaker is a "material used to prevent adhesion of the newly placed concrete to the substrate". I have searched online for a standard on what type of oil / epoxy / sleeves to use, but nothing is coming up. Using braided sealant backing to compensate for a joint opening that is too large for the backing material. A bond breaker is a separator applied between surfaces of concrete. Bond breakers are applied to surfaces to which concrete is poured by the monolithic slab method. It is a chemical-resistant, ultraviolet stable,. CERAMAR compresses easily for use with shrinkage-compensating concrete, and it may be used to relieve stress and pressure in concrete pavements. Precast products like concrete pipe, and u-shape drain are loaded into the truck using equipment like a crane. TILT-CRETE is low-VOC formulation that does not contain wax or hydro-carbon resins. Bond breaker does not affect the adhesion of. 20000 Chonburi, Tel. What is Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Survey? Membrane-forming bond breakers are formulated as per ASTM C-309, the standard specification for liquid-membrane-forming compounds. Quikrete 1 Gal. 6 months from the date of production if stored properly in undamaged, original, sealed packaging. RepCon 928. SDS. Visually and physically inspect the slab to witness the entire surface has a definite sheen. A tough, lightweight, easy-to-use, semi-rigid joint filler available in strips and shapes fabricated to most requirements. Bond breakers can be used to improve joint performance. A bond breaker should always be used between concrete pavement and cement treated base. This item can only be delivered to select locations. from adhering to the back of a raked joint or to the backup), allowing the sealant to freely deform in response to building movements (see Figure 1c). Apply 1-2 coat(s) at 0.1 - 0.2 l/m2 per coat. Offers high resiliency and 99% recovery qualities low compression values non-extruding virtually non-absorbent. Bond breaker tapes are used for isolating sealant and eliminating sealant adhesion to concrete and metal. Formulated and recommended for use with Brickform Texture . In addition, it helps to avoid cracks in some applications such as tilt wall panels. 5.5 mil Low-Density Polyethylene Film Tape is frequently used after installing anchor rods in concrete to prevent cracks in the concrete surface. Expansion Joint Cap It has excellent moisture barrier properties, UV resistant, has long-term stability, and will not crack or crease the tape at low temperatures. Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF], Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results, 16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage, Exploring the Impact of Construction Robots on the Industry, How to Maintain a Brick Chimney for Maximum Efficiency, A Shining Future: The Benefits of Solar Energy, What You Should Know Before Installing Mud Flooring. not enough product applied as the concrete panel is placed. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At CivilJungle, we clarify civil engineering and publish all the happenings & news of civil engineering. Also, Read:Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab | What is Slab. In case joint sealants are attached to the joint filler so that movement is prohibited, they can hardly perform their intended functions to seal the joints against water and debris entry. Note: Choose Options to Buy Online Package Size This type of bond breakers is made of crude resins. Apply the second coat of TILT-CRETE at right angles to the previous coat. 7.1 Introduction. The use of this type of bond breaker can preserve the characteristics of the concrete surface. fully compatible materials with proven adhesion, designed to meet the needs of these high movement and often irregular joints, is called for. Wind loads which act on lifting a precast member, are an example of dynamic loads. Any dull spots must be recoated. This pressure sensitive adhesive is generally suitable even for irregular surfaces. Download our popular SpecChem app for all devices. If, after application of the bond-breaking coat, steel, or concrete-placing operations are delayed longer than two weeks, the bond-breaking coat should be inspected carefully to determine if it still provides 100% coverage. DECK-O-JOINT The top of SNAP-CAP pulls free and can be discarded. X-FOAM is available in two thicknesses and 1, EXPANSION JOINTS It comes in strips or rolls and can . Easy-Lift FD is applied to the concrete casting slab to efficiently prevent the bonding of subsequent concrete pours. This premium-grade bondbreaker contains organic compounds that react with . Invalid list name. . Wherever, CERAMAR is a flexible foam expansion joint filler composed of a unique synthetic foam of isomeric polymers in a very, SPONGE RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT is produced to a uniform thickness and density from gray-colored, top-quality, blown sponge rubber. Sika BondBreaker W is a water repellent, wax based bond breaker material. Mixing Thoroughly agitate TILT-CRETE prior to each use. Bond Breaking: 200 400 sq. Many D.O.T.s have developed their own bond breaker specifications. Once the bond breaker is applied to the surface, then once the concrete is poured, the concrete will develop as its own separate property. Reactive bond breakers react with the concrete surface and form a crude soap layer. Some bond breakers would do neither, and may be perfectly acceptable. The material serves to prevent the concrete from bonding to the dowel bars, thus preserving the joint as a working one. Flexible, lightweight, and can be formed around curved objects. This article can help you follow the good production and construction process. Also Read:What is Tributary Area?